Специальные ресурсы/Информатика и информационные технологии

Обзор архитектуры ОС Linux. Методы решения разнообразных задач. Книга доступна online. Содержание: 1 The Linux operating system 2 The Linux kernel 3 The Linux libc package 4 System calls 5 The ``swiss army knife'' ioctl 6 Linux Interprocess Communications 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Half-duplex UNIX Pipes 6.2.1 Basic Concepts 6.2.2 Creating Pipes in C 6.2.3 Pipes the Easy Way! 6.2.4 Atomic Operations with Pipes 6.2.5 Notes on half-duplex pipes: 6.3 Named Pipes (FIFOs - First In First Out) 6.3.1 Basic Concepts 6.3.2 Creating a FIFO 6.3.3 FIFO Operations 6.3.4 Blocking Actions on a FIFO 6.3.5 The Infamous SIGPIPE Signal 6.4 System V IPC 6.4.1 Fundamental Concepts IPC Identifiers IPC Keys The ipcs Command The ipcrm Command 6.4.2 Message Queues Basic Concepts Internal and User Data Structures SYSTEM CALL: msgget() SYSTEM CALL: msgsnd() SYSTEM CALL: msgctl() msgtool: An interactive message queue manipulator 6.4.3 Semaphores Basic Concepts Internal Data Structures SYSTEM CALL: semget() SYSTEM CALL: semop() SYSTEM CALL: semctl() semtool: An interactive semaphore manipulator semstat: A semtool companion program 6.4.4 Shared Memory Basic Concepts Internal and User Data Structures SYSTEM CALL: shmget() SYSTEM CALL: shmat() SYSTEM CALL: shmctl() SYSTEM CALL: shmdt() shmtool: An interactive shared memory manipulator 7 Sound Programming 7.1 Programming the internal speaker 7.2 Programming a sound card 8 Character Cell Graphics 8.1 I/O Function in libc 8.1.1 Formatted Output 8.1.2 Formatted Input 8.2 The Termcap Library 8.2.1 Introduction 8.2.2 Find a Terminal Description 8.2.3 Look at a Terminal Description 8.2.4 Termcap Capabilities Boolean Capabilities Numeric Capabilities String Capabilities 8.3 Ncurses - Introduction 8.4 Initializing 8.5 Windows 8.6 Output 8.6.1 Formatted Output 8.6.2 Insert Characters/Lines 8.6.3 Delete Characters/Lines 8.6.4 Boxes and Lines 8.6.5 Background Character 8.7 Input 8.7.1 Formated Input 8.8 Options Output Options 8.8.1 Input Options 8.8.2 Terminal Attributes 8.8.3 Use Options 8.9 Clear Window and Lines 8.10 Updating the Terminal 8.11 Video Attributes and Color 8.12 Cursor and Window Coordinates 8.13 Scrolling 8.14 Pads 8.15 Soft-labels 8.16 Miscellaneous 8.17 Low-level Access 8.18 Screen Dump 8.19 Termcap Emulation 8.20 Terminfo Functions 8.21 Debug Function 8.22 Terminfo Capabilities 8.22.1 Boolean Capabilities 8.22.2 Numbers 8.22.3 Strings 8.23 [N]Curses Function Overview 9 Programming I/O ports 9.1 Mouse Programming 9.2 Modem Programming 9.3 Printer Programming 9.4 Joystick Programming 10 Porting Applications to Linux 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Signal handling 10.2.1 Signals under SVR4, BSD, and POSIX.1 10.2.2 Linux signal options 10.2.3 signal under Linux 10.2.4 Signals supported by Linux 10.3 Terminal I/O 10.4 Process information and control 10.4.1 kvm routines 10.4.2 ptrace and the /proc filesystem 10.4.3 Process control under Linux 10.5 Portable conditional compilation 10.6 Additional Comments 11 Systemcalls in alphabetical order 12 Abbreviations

каталог ресурсов по программированию на VB и VB.NET Статьи, примеры и учебники. Ссылки на полезные сайты и обзор книг по теме.

каталог ресурсов посвященный программированию на C#

Приёмы программирования и некоторые особенности OC Linux. Книга доступна online. Оглавление: 1. Introduction 2. The Players 3. Some Basic Rules 4. ioctls: Not writing a new system call 5. Recipes for Deadlock 6. Common Routines 7. Wait Queues include/linux/wait.h 8. Atomic Operations 9. Symbols 10. Routines and Conventions 11. Putting Your Stuff in the Kernel 12. Kernel Cantrips 13. Thanks

Книга для тех кто хочет научится писать драйверы для Linux. Архитектура драйверов. Примеры. Элементы архитектуры ОС. Доступна online. Содержание. Preface Chapter 1: An Introduction to Device Drivers Chapter 2: Building and Running Modules Chapter 3: Char Drivers Chapter 4: Debugging Techniques Chapter 5: Enhanced Char Driver Operations Chapter 6: Flow of Time Chapter 7: Getting Hold of Memory Chapter 8: Hardware Management Chapter 9: Interrupt Handling Chapter 10: Judicious Use of Data Types Chapter 11: kmod and Advanced Modularization Chapter 12: Loading Block Drivers Chapter 13: mmap and DMA Chapter 14: Network Drivers Chapter 15: Overview of Peripheral Buses Chapter 16: Physical Layout of the Kernel Source Bibliography Index

Архитектура ядра Linux. В книге используются исходные тексты ядра 2.0.33. Книга доступна online. Содержание: Title Page Preface Hardware Basics Software Basics Memory Management Processes Interprocess Communication Mechanisms PCI Interrupts and Interrupt Handling Device Drivers The File System Networks Kernel Mechanisms Modules Processors The Linux Kernel Sources Linux Data Structures Useful Web and FTP Sites The LPD Manifesto The GNU General Public License Glossary

Описание ядра Linux 2.4. Доступна online. Содержание . Booting 1.1 Building the Linux Kernel Image 1.2 Booting: Overview 1.3 Booting: BIOS POST 1.4 Booting: bootsector and setup 1.5 Using LILO as a bootloader 1.6 High level initialisation 1.7 SMP Bootup on x86 1.8 Freeing initialisation data and code 1.9 Processing kernel command line 2. Process and Interrupt Management 2.1 Task Structure and Process Table 2.2 Creation and termination of tasks and kernel threads 2.3 Linux Scheduler 2.4 Linux linked list implementation 2.5 Wait Queues 2.6 Kernel Timers 2.7 Bottom Halves 2.8 Task Queues 2.9 Tasklets 2.10 Softirqs 2.11 How System Calls Are Implemented on i386 Architecture? 2.12 Atomic Operations 2.13 Spinlocks, Read-write Spinlocks and Big-Reader Spinlocks 2.14 Semaphores and read/write Semaphores 2.15 Kernel Support for Loading Modules 3. Virtual Filesystem (VFS) 3.1 Inode Caches and Interaction with Dcache 3.2 Filesystem Registration/Unregistration 3.3 File Descriptor Management 3.4 File Structure Management 3.5 Superblock and Mountpoint Management 3.6 Example Virtual Filesystem: pipefs 3.7 Example Disk Filesystem: BFS 3.8 Execution Domains and Binary Formats 4. Linux Page Cache 5. IPC mechanisms 5.1 Semaphores 5.2 Message queues 5.3 Shared Memory 5.4 Linux IPC Primitives

Хорошая книга для начинающих разработчиков драйверов для NT и Windows 2000. Это именно введение. Некоторые специальные вопросы (например драйверы сетевых карт) не рассматриваются. Оглавление. 1. Introduction to Windows 2000 Drivers. 2. The Hardware Environment. 3. Kernel-Mode I/O Processing. 4. Drivers and Kernel-Mode Objects. 5. General Development Issues. 6. Initialization and Cleanup Routines. 7. Driver Dispatch Routines. 8. Interrupt-Driven I/O. 9. Hardware Initialization. 10. Power Management. 11. Timers. 12. DMA Drivers. 13. Windows Management and Instrumentation. 14. System Threads. 15. Layered Drivers. 16. Driver Installation. 17. Testing and Debugging Drivers. App. A. The Driver Debug Environment. B. Bugcheck Codes. C. Building Drivers. Bibliography. Index.

Книга содержит обзорную и вводную информацию по разработке драйверов для Windows 2000/XP и Windows 98/Ме. В книге рассматриваются базовые понятия и термины, набор программных инструментов для проектирования драйверов ОС Windows. Даёьтся пример реализации драйвера. Подробно рассмотривается структура драйверов модели WDM и драйверов NT. Рассмотрены элементы архитектуры Windows: работа с памятью, система ввода/вывода, потоки и прочее. Рассмотрены способы установки драйверов. Даётся обзор шин PCI, USB, FireWire, PC Cards. Книга заканчивается рассмотрением методов тестирования и отладки драйверов. Книга имеет приложения включающие справочную информацию. Книга полезна тем, кто хочет познакомиться с основами разработки драйверов не прибегая к англоязычным источникам.

В книге описываются основные принципы архитеркуры Windows 2000. Материал книги так же актуален для Windows XP. Книга для тех кто хочет познакомиться с принципами построения операционных систем. Обзор оглавления: В главах 1 и 2 даются основные понятия и термины. Главы 3-5 посвящены наиболее важным элементам ОС, таким как диспетчеризация прерываний, исключений и системных сервисов, работа с объектами, синхронизация ядра, процесс загрузки, работа в безопасном режиме, консоль восстановления системы, «синий экран», реестр, сервисы и сервисные приложения, WMI. В главах 6-13 рассматриваются отдельные компоненты Windows 2000: процессы, потоки, задания, управление памятью, система защиты и аудита, подсистема ввода-вывода , управление внешней памятью и кэшированием, поддерживаемые файловые системы, поддержка сетей. Книга хорошо переведена.

Хорошее учебное пособие для тех кто изучает Windows CE. В клниге рассматривается широкий круг вопросов проектирвания для Windows CE: управлениt памятью, работf с сетью, взаимодействие с PC или другими устройствами через ИК соединение и Bluetooth, использование .NET Compact Framework для разработки аппаратно независимых приложений, разработка приложений для платформы Pocket PC и Smartphone, Работа с SMS, драйверы устройств, службы, разработка игр. Оглавление Acknowledgments xix Introduction xxi PART I WINDOWS PROGRAMMING BASICS 1 Hello Windows CE 3 What Is Different About Windows CE 3 Fewer Resources in Windows CE Devices 4 Unicode 4 New Controls 5 Componentization 5 Win32 Subset 6 It's Still Windows Programming 6 Hungarian Notation 6 Your First Windows CE Application 7 Building Your First Application 10 Running the Program 11 What's Wrong? 11 Hello2 12 Anatomy of a Windows-Based Application 15 The Window Class 15 The Window Procedure 15 The Life of a Message 16 Hello3 17 Registering the Window Class 20 Creating the Window 22 The Message Loop 23 The Window Procedure 24 HelloCE 28 The Code 29 Running HelloCE 36 2 Drawing on the Screen 39 Painting Basics 40 Valid and Invalid Regions 40 Device Contexts 41 Writing Text 43 Device Context Attributes 44 The TextDemo Example Program 46 Fonts 52 The FontList Example Program 58 Bitmaps 66 Device-Dependent Bitmaps 67 Device-Independent Bitmaps 68 DIB Sections 68 Drawing Bitmaps 71 Lines and Shapes 74 Lines 74 Shapes 77 Fill Functions 80 The Shapes Example Program 82 3 Input: Keyboard, Mouse, and Touch Screen 91 The Keyboard 91 Input Focus 92 Keyboard Messages 92 Keyboard Functions 98 The KeyTrac Example Program 100 The Mouse and the Touch Screen 109 Mouse Messages 109 Working with the Touch Screen 110 The TicTac1 Example Program 118 4 Windows, Controls, and Menus 129 Child Windows 129 Window Management Functions 130 Enumerating Windows 131 Finding a Window 131 Editing the Window Structure Values 132 Windows Controls 135 Button Controls 137 The Edit Control 140 The List Box Control 141 The Combo Box Control 141 Static Controls 142 The Scroll Bar Control 143 The CtlView Example Program 147 Menus 179 Handling Menu Commands 181 Resources 181 Resource Scripts 182 Icons 184 Accelerators 185 Bitmaps 186 Strings 186 The DOIView Example Program 187 5 Common Controls and Windows CE 205 Programming Common Controls 206 The Common Controls 208 The Command Bar 209 The CmdBar Example 221 Command Bands 236 The CmdBand Example 246 The Menu Bar 260 The MenuBar Example 269 The Month Calendar Control 286 The Date and Time Picker Control 289 The List View Control 292 The CapEdit Control 294 Other Common Controls 295 Unsupported Common Controls 296 6 Dialog Boxes and Property Sheets 297 Dialog Boxes 298 Dialog Box Resource Templates 298 Creating a Dialog Box 302 Dialog Box Procedures 303 Modeless Dialog Boxes 307 Property Sheets 308 Common Dialogs 314 The DlgDemo Example Program 316 PART II WINDOWS CE PROGRAMMING 7 Memory Management 357 Memory Basics 357 About RAM 358 About ROM 358 About Virtual Memory 359 An Application's Address Space 362 The Different Kinds of Memory Allocation 364 Virtual Memory 365 Heaps 371 The Local Heap 372 Separate Heaps 373 The Stack 375 Static Data 376 String Resources 379 Selecting the Proper Memory Type 379 Managing Low-Memory Conditions 380 8 Files and the Registry 385 The Windows CE File System 386 The Object Store vs. Other Storage Media 387 Standard File I/O 387 The FileView Sample Program 396 Memory-Mapped Files and Objects 406 Navigating the File System 408 The Registry 415 Registry Organization 416 The Registry API 417 The RegView Example Program 421 9 Windows CE Databases 439 Databases 439 Basic Definitions 439 The Database API 441 The AlbumDB Example Program 458 10 Modules, Processes, and Threads 489 Modules 489 Processes 493 Creating a Process 494 Terminating a Process 497 Other Processes 498 Threads 499 The System Scheduler 499 Creating a Thread 502 Setting and Querying Thread Priority 504 Setting a Thread's Time Quantum 506 Suspending and Resuming a Thread 506 Fibers 507 Thread Local Storage 509 Synchronization 511 Events 512 Waiting... 514 Semaphores 518 Mutexes 520 Duplicating Synchronization Handles 521 Critical Sections 521 Interlocked Variable Access 523 Windows CE Security 525 Interprocess Communication 527 Finding Other Processes 527 WM_COPYDATA 528 Named Memory-Mapped Objects 529 Message Queues 531 Communicating with Files and Databases 534 The XTalk Example Program 535 Exception Handling 549 C++ Exception Handling 549 Win32 Exception Handling 552 11 Notifications 557 User Notifications 557 Setting a User Notification 558 Timer Event Notifications 563 System Event Notifications 564 The Note Demo Example Program 566 Querying Scheduled Notifications 580 PART III COMMUNICATIONS 12 Serial Communications 585 Basic Serial Communication 585 Opening and Closing a Serial Port 586 Reading from and Writing to a Serial Port 587 Asynchronous Serial I/O 588 Configuring the Serial Port 589 Setting the Port Timeout Values 592 Querying the Capabilities of the Serial Driver 594 Controlling the Serial Port 595 Clearing Errors and Querying Status 597 Stayin' Alive 598 The CeChat Example Program 598 13 Windows CE Networking 615 Windows Networking Support 615 WNet Functions 616 The ListNet Example Program 627 14 Device-to-Device Communication 637 Basic Sockets 638 Initializing the Winsock DLL 638 Stream Sockets 639 IrSock 645 Querying and Setting IR Socket Options 647 Blocking vs. Nonblocking Sockets 648 The MySquirt Example Program 651 Bluetooth 670 Stack 671 Discovery 672 Publishing a Service 682 Bluetooth Communication with Winsock 685 Bluetooth Communication with Virtual COM Ports 687 The BtHello Example Program 692 OBEX 714 Initialization 714 Application Callbacks 714 Device Discovery 716 OBEX Communication 718 The ObexSquirt Example Program 722 15 Connecting to the Desktop 747 The Windows CE Remote API 748 RAPI Overview 748 Predefined RAPI Functions 751 The RapiDir Example Program 758 Custom RAPI Functions 762 The RapiFind Example Program 768 The CeUtil Functions 777 Connection Notification 781 Registry Method 782 COM Method 783 The CnctNote Example Program 786 Connection Detection on the Windows CE Side 794 Direct Socket Connections 795 PART IV DEVICE PROGRAMMING 16 The Explorer Shell 799 Working with the Shell 800 The Shell Namespace 800 Special Folders 801 Shortcuts 803 Configuring the Start Menu 804 Recent Documents List 805 Launching Applications 806 The Taskbar 807 The TBIcons Example Program 809 The Out Of Memory Error Dialog Box 816 Console Applications 817 The CEFind Example Program 818 Console Redirection 822 Hardware Keys 823 Virtual Codes for Hardware Keys 823 Using the Application Launch Keys 825 Dynamically Overriding Application Launch Keys 827 17 Programming the Pocket PC 831 What Is a Pocket PC? 831 Is It a PDA, a Phone, or Both? 832 The Pocket PC Screen 833 Hello Pocket PC 834 Differences in a Pocket PC Application 843 Building HelloPPC 848 The New Menu 849 The NewMenuX Example 850 Pocket PC Notifications 859 Adding a Notification 860 Modifying a Notification 863 Removing a Notification 864 Dialog Boxes 864 Full-Screen Dialog Boxes 865 Input Dialogs 866 Property Sheets 868 AutoRun 869 Additional Pocket PC Shell Functions 871 Full-Screen Windows 871 Freeing Memory 871 Controlling the SIP 872 18 Extending the Pocket PC 875 Custom Today Screen Items 875 Implementing a Today Screen Item 876 Registering the Custom Item 880 Debugging a Custom Item 881 The PowerBar Custom Today Screen Item 881 Custom Input Methods 895 The Components of a SIP 895 Threading Issues with Input Methods 896 The IInputMethod and IInputMethod2 Interfaces 897 The IIMCallback and IIMCallback2 Interfaces 902 The NumPanel Example Input Method 905 19 Programming the Smartphone 929 Introducing the Smartphone 930 A Smartphone Application 932 The Smartphone's MenuBar Control 939 Creating a Smartphone MenuBar Control 940 Working with the Buttons and Menus 942 The Back Button and Other Interesting Buttons 944 Message Boxes 947 Dialog Boxes 949 Scrolling Dialogs 950 Smartphone Controls 950 Text Controls 951 Expandable Edit Controls 953 Spinner Controls 954 File Operation in the Smartphone 956 Communication 958 Phone API 958 The Connection Manager 961 SMS Messaging 965 The SMSTalk Example 974 Smartphone Security 995 20 GAPI, the Game API 997 GAPI Initialization 998 Getting Display Information 999 Querying Button Information 1000 Accessing the Buttons 1001 Drawing to the Screen 1001 Indirect Access to the Frame Buffer 1002 GAPI Maintenance 1003 Cleaning Up 1003 The GAPIShow Example 1004 PART V ADVANCED WINDOWS CE 21 System Programming 1025 The Windows CE Memory Architecture 1025 Writing Cross-Platform Windows CE Applications 1028 Platforms and Operating System Versions 1028 Compile-Time Versioning 1030 Explicit Linking 1032 Run-Time Version Checking 1032 Power Management 1033 Querying the Power State 1033 Changing the Power State 1036 The Power Manager 1039 22 Device Drivers and Services 1045 Basic Drivers 1045 Driver Names 1046 The Device Driver Load Process 1047 Enumerating the Active Drivers 1050 Reading and Writing Device Drivers 1052 Writing a Windows CE Stream Device Driver 1054 The Stream Driver Entry Points 1055 Device Interface Classes 1065 Device Driver Power Management 1067 Building a Device Driver 1070 Debug Zones 1070 The Generic Driver Example 1071 Asynchronous Driver I/O 1079 Services 1084 Service Architecture 1085 The Life of a Service 1085 Application Control of a Service 1087 The Service DLL Entry Points 1089 The Service IOCTL Commands 1091 Super Service 1094 Services.exe Command Line 1098 TickSrv Example Service 1098 23 Programming the .NET Compact Framework 1113 It's Becoming a Managed World 1113 To .NET or Not to .NET 1114 A Brief Introduction to Managed Applications 1116 HelloCF 1117 Common Language Runtime Basics 1120 The Framework Class Library 1125 Windows Forms Applications 1126 A Basic Windows Forms Application 1127 Configuring a Top-Level Form 1133 Compact Framework Unique Classes 1134 Accessing the Underlying Operating System 1139 P/Invoke 1140 P/Invoke Arguments 1142 The IrSquirtCF Example 1147 INDEX

Ресурсы для разработчиков под мобильные платформы Nokia. Документация, SDK и многое другое

Книга для разработчиков драйверов для Windows. Содержит описание элементов архитектуры Windows и сведения неоходимые для проектирования драйверов WDM. На английско языке. Оглавление: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: The Big Picture Chapter 3: Device Driver Design Chapter 4: WDM Driver Environment Chapter 5: Device Interfaces Chapter 6: Testing and Debugging Chapter 7: Dispatch Routines Chapter 8: Plug and Play and Device Stacks Chapter 9: Plug and Play Implementation Chapter 10: Power Management Chapter 11: Installation Chapter 12: Windows Management Instrumentation Chapter 13: Event Reporting Chapter 14: DebugPrint Chapter 15: WdmIo and PHDIo Drivers Chapter 16: Hardware I/O IRP Queuing Chapter 17: Interupt-Driven I/O Chapter 18: NT Hardware Chapter 19: WDM System Drivers Chapter 20: The Universal Serial Bus Chapter 21: USB Driver Interface Chapter 22: The Human Input Device Model Chapter 23: HID Clients Appendix A: Information Resources Appendix B: PC 99 Appendix C: Direct Memory Access

Оперпационная система Symbian. Ссылки, статьи, средства пректирования, ответы на вопросы разработчиков.

В книге рассматриваются элементы архитектуры ядра Linux. Оглавление: Preface ix Introduction 1 (33) Linux Versus Other Unix-Like Kernels 2 (4) Hardware Dependency 6 (1) Linux Versions 7 (1) Basic Operating System Concepts 8 (4) An Overview of the Unix Filesystem 12 (6) An Overview of Unix Kernels 18 (16) Memory Addressing 34 (38) Memory Addresses 34 (1) Segmentation in Hardware 35 (5) Segmentation in Linux 40 (4) Paging in Hardware 44 (10) Paging in Linux 54 (18) Processes 72 (37) Processes, Lightweight Processes, and Threads 72 (2) Process Descriptor 74 (15) Process Switch 89 (10) Creating Processes 99 (7) Destroying Processes 106 (3) Interrupts and Exceptions 109 (52) The Role of Interrupt Signals 110 (1) Interrupts and Exceptions 111 (10) Nested Execution of Exception and Interrupt Handlers 121 (1) Initializing the Interrupt Descriptor Table 122 (3) Exception Handling 125 (3) Interrupt Handling 128 (17) Softirqs, Tasklets, and Bottom Halves 145 (11) Returning from Interrupts and Exceptions 156 (5) Kernel Synchronization 161 (32) Kernel Control Paths 161 (1) When Synchronization Is Not Necessary 162 (1) Synchronization Primitives 163 (21) Synchronizing Accesses to Kernel Data Structures 184 (5) Examples of Race Condition Prevention 189 (4) Timing Measurements 193 (24) Hardware Clocks 194 (3) The Linux Timekeeping Architecture 197 (5) CPU's Time Sharing 202 (1) Updating the Time and Date 203 (1) Updating System Statistics 204 (2) Software Timers 206 (7) System Calls Related to Timing Measurements 213 (4) Memory Management 217 (46) Page Frame Management 217 (22) Memory Area Management 239 (17) Noncontiguous Memory Area Management 256 (7) Process Address Space 263 (40) The Process's Address Space 264 (1) The Memory Descriptor 265 (3) Memory Regions 268 (17) Page Fault Exception Handler 285 (13) Creating and Deleting a Process Address Space 298 (2) Managing the Heap 300 (3) System Calls 303 (15) POSIX APIs and System Calls 303 (1) System Call Handler and Service Routines 304 (12) Kernel Wrapper Routines 316 (2) Signals 318 (30) The Role of Signals 318 (9) Generating a Signal 327 (5) Delivering a Signal 332 (11) System Calls Related to Signal Handling 343 (5) Process Scheduling 348 (24) Scheduling Policy 348 (4) The Scheduling Algorithm 352 (15) System Calls Related to Scheduling 367 (5) The Virtual Filesystem 372 (55) The Role of the Virtual Filesystem (VFS) 372 (6) VFS Data Structures 378 (16) Filesystem Types 394 (3) Filesystem Mounting 397 (10) Pathname Lookup 407 (9) Implementations of VFS System Calls 416 (4) File Locking 420 (7) Managing I/O Devices 427 (47) I/O Architecture 427 (10) Device Files 437 (4) Device Drivers 441 (8) Block Device Drivers 449 (22) Character Device Drivers 471 (3) Disk Caches 474 (23) The Page Cache 476 (5) The Buffer Cache 481 (16) Accessing Files 497 (31) Reading and Writing a File 497 (16) Memory Mapping 513 (10) Direct I/O Transfers 523 (5) Swapping: Methods for Freeing Memory 528 (46) What Is Swapping? 529 (2) Swap Area 531 (14) The Swap Cache 545 (3) Transferring Swap Pages 548 (3) Swapping Out Pages 551 (5) Swapping in Pages 556 (3) Reclaiming Page Frame 559 (15) The Ext2 and Ext3 Filesystems 574 (34) General Characteristics of Ext2 574 (3) Ext2 Disk Data Structures 577 (7) Ext2 Memory Data Structures 584 (4) Creating the Ext2 Filesystem 588 (2) Ext2 Methods 590 (2) Managing Ext2 Disk Space 592 (8) The Ext3 Filesystem 600 (8) Networking 608 (24) Main Networking Data Structures 609 (9) System Calls Related to Networking 618 (9) Sending Packets to the Network Card 627 (2) Receiving Packets from the Network Card 629 (3) Process Communication 632 (29) Pipes 633 (9) FIFOs 642 (2) System V IPC 644 (17) Program Execution 661 (24) Executable Files 662 (12) Executable Formats 674 (2) Execution Domains 676 (2) The exec Functions 678 (7) A. System Startup 685 (7) B. Modules 692 (10) C. Source Code Structure 702 (5) Bibliography 707 (4) Source Code Index 711 (38) Index

Исходный код данного алгоритма доступен в версиях на C++, Visual Basic 6 и Delphi. Все версии идентичны по своей функциональности. Для каждого из языков программирования выводится список файлов, содержащий ссылку на код алгоритма (в начале списка) и вспомогательные алгоритмы, если такие есть (выделены курсивом).

Двумерное интегрирование со случайным выбором точек. В основном представляет чисто теоретический интерес.

Представлен один из способов транспонирования разреженной матрицы.

OS UNIX - многозадачная и многопользовательская операционная система разделения времени. Ее главная отличительная особенность - мобильность исходного кода. Без особых проблем OS UNIX может быть портирована на компьютерах различной архитектуры. Другая особенность OS UNIX - ее высокая технологичность, которая достигается поддержкой многочисленных инструментальных средств для разработки прикладного и системного программного обеспечения. Эта операционная система ориентирована на программирующих профессионалов, но не на "рядовых" пользователей как MS-DOS и Windows 95/98 или Windows NT. Указанные характерные черты OS UNIX обеспечены успехом реализации следующих базовых концепций

Интегрирование с заданной точностью. По мощности примерно то же, что и средние прямоугольники.

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